Osteoporosis: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention & Treatment
By KingsFit Wellness | Updated November 2025
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become weak, brittle, and more likely to fracture. It develops slowly over many years and often goes unnoticed until a minor fall or sudden impact leads to a bone break. Understanding how osteoporosis develops — and how to prevent it — is key to maintaining strong bones as you age.
What Is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. Bones become porous like a sponge, decreasing bone mineral density and increasing fracture risk. Common fracture sites include the hip, spine, and wrist.
Causes of Osteoporosis
1. Aging
Bone naturally becomes thinner as we grow older, especially after age 50.
2. Hormonal Changes
- Women: Loss of estrogen during menopause increases risk.
- Men: Low testosterone levels can also reduce bone density.
3. Nutritional Deficiencies
Low intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein weakens bones.
4. Sedentary Lifestyle
Lack of weight-bearing exercises reduces bone strength.
5. Medical Conditions
Including thyroid disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, and malabsorption conditions.
6. Medications
Long-term use of steroids, certain cancer treatments, and anti-seizure medications may increase risk.
7. Genetics
A family history of osteoporosis increases your likelihood of developing the condition.
Common Symptoms
Osteoporosis is known as a “silent disease” because it often shows no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Symptoms may include ongoing back pain, loss of height, stooped posture, or bones that break easily.
Risk Factors
- Postmenopausal women
- Small body frame
- Smoking or excessive alcohol use
- Low calcium or vitamin D intake
- Inactive lifestyle
Prevention Strategies
1. Strength and Weight-Bearing Exercises
Activities such as walking, jogging, dancing, and resistance training help strengthen bones.
2. Eat a Bone-Healthy Diet
- Calcium-rich foods (yogurt, leafy greens)
- Vitamin D sources (sunlight, eggs, fatty fish)
- Protein-rich foods
3. Avoid Risky Habits
Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake.
4. Maintain a Healthy Weight
Being underweight can increase fracture risk.
5. Get Screened
A DEXA scan measures bone density and identifies early-stage bone loss.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity and may include:
- Bisphosphonates
- Hormone replacement therapy
- Denosumab
- Teriparatide
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements
Complications
Untreated osteoporosis can lead to hip fractures, spinal fractures, chronic pain, disability, and reduced quality of life.
When to See a Doctor
You should seek evaluation if you are over 50 with a history of fractures, notice sudden height loss, experience unexplained back pain, or have multiple risk factors.
Quick Takeaway
Osteoporosis is preventable and manageable with early action. Stay active, maintain a healthy diet, get screened, and protect your bones for long-term health.
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